Abram Petrovich Hannibal *, descendant of an African prince who sincerely strove to civilize Eastern Europe - DEDICATED with deep and sincere respect ...

The project of the revival of the African Lake Chad

"LAGAN (With love of the World)" **

Ecology seeks to educate ...

Awareness of the intellectual elite of the World of environmental problems in the last decade is taking place exponentially. The statement of the need to solve social, environmental and economic problems permeates every speech of responsible politicians of national states, such as Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan [1].

The sad fate of the Aral Sea begins to be repeated by other major water bodies in the world - primarily Lake Chad in Central Africa and On the Internet, today we find the following messages: "Lake Salton Sea in the southern US state of California. Dead fish tilapia lining the shore, and because of the excessive intake of water to irrigate the fields, the water in it is getting more salty. Various plans for the desalination of this lake are being considered. As a result of the rapid development of irrigation since the 1960s. Lake Chad in Africa has decreased to 1/10 of its former size. Farmers, shepherds and locals from four adjacent to the lake often fiercely fight among themselves for the remains of water (bottom right, blue), and the depth of the lake is today only 1.5 m. "Lake Chad is dying ...

Photo of Lake Chad in Africa in 1972 and in 2008 - REAL DISASTER!

Tense struggle of the countries of the world for the salvation of Lake Chad

Information note:, a freshwater lake located in the Sahelian zone of West-Central Africa in the Lake Chad, a French lak chadChad, Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger regions. It is located in the inner basin, formerly occupied by a much larger ancient sea, which is sometimes called Mega-Chad. Historically, Lake Chad is one of the largest lakes in Africa, although its area varies considerably depending on the season, and also from year to year. When the surface of the lake is approximately 920 feet (280 meters) above sea level, the area is about 6.875 square miles (17,800 square kilometers); at the beginning of the 21st century, however, the area was usually about 580 square miles (1500 sq km). The hydrological contribution and biological diversity of Lake Chad are important regional assets. The region is notable for its important archaeological discoveries, its role in the trade between sugars and its association with historical African kingdoms. " According to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, working with NASA's Earth Observation program, the lake is now 1/20 of the size that was 35 years ago. Located at the intersection of four different countries in West Africa (Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon), Lake Chad is a source of water for massive irrigation projects. In addition, the region suffers from an increasingly dry climate, experiencing a significant decrease in rainfall since the early 1960s. The size of Lake Chad, which is one of the main reservoirs of fresh water in Africa, has declined by 95% over the past 45 years.

On May 22, 1964, the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) was established by four countries bordering Lake Chad: Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad. The Republic of Central Africa joined the organization in 1996, Libya was adopted in 2008. Observer status belongs to the Sudan, Egypt, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, has the headquarters of the Commission.

The mandate of the Commission is to ensure the sustainable and equitable management of Lake Chad and other shared water resources of the Lake Chad Basin in order to preserve the ecosystems of the regular basin of Lake Chad in order to promote regional integration, peace and security in the basin. LCBC is a basin organization that is a member of both the African Network of Basin Organizations (ANBO) and the International Network of Basin Organizations (INBO).

The Commission today intensified its cooperation with the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group, the World Bank (WB), the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), United Nations organizations (FAO, UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNECE, WMO, etc.) , The African Union (AU), the European Union (EU), the African Council of Ministers for Water Resources (AMCOW), NEPAD, subsidiaries such as ABN (the Niger Basin) and CICOS (Congo Basin), subregional economic commissions (RECs) CEMAC, ECOWAS. These partners support LCBC to achieve an understanding of the real prospects for development, and the key projects in the field are:

- Sustainable Development Program for the Lake Chad Basin (PRODEBALT);

- Integrated transboundary water resources of the Chad Lake Basin Project (IWRM);

-Sustainable water resources management in the Lake Chad basin (surface and groundwater);

- LCBC institutional support project for German cooperation;

- Development of the Water Charter for the Lake Chad Basin, supported by the African Water Fund;

- Project for the implementation of the IUCN management plan Komadugu-Yobe;

- Project for the Conservation of Lake Chad: contribution to the strategy for the development of the lake in the framework of French cooperation.

Another decision taken by the LCBC member countries to end the drying out of Lake Chad and the gradual restoration of its normal level, which is especially close to us due to its practicality and concreteness, is the project to introduce water between the Ubagungi river basins in Lake Chad. This project, in addition to its potential for mitigating the effects of drought, will catalyze the restoration of fisheries in Lake Chad, as well as irrigation activities on the shores of the lake and in the Chari River Basin. With the help of the shipping channel, the project provides communication between the LCBC member countries and the Republics of the Congo (so far only the feasibility study has been completed).

Some positive results have been achieved, namely:

- Real results for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Program for the Lake Chad Basin (PRODEBALT), which increased by 1 billion cubic meters. the flow of water into the lake, and agroforestry managed to raise 2.5 times;

- Productivity of plant growing, livestock and fish catch increased by 42% by the sixth year of program implementation;

- The restructuring of LCBC for the second year has been completed, and by the sixth year the number of trained senior employees, technicians, and family organization officials has reached 15,300;

- It was possible to achieve about 55 390 ha reforestation, create plantations and achieve success in agroforestry;

- Almost 200 funded micro-projects have diversified their activities and implemented the cultivation of Spirulina (60% favorably for women), etc.

Note that about 38 million people from different ethnic groups currently live in the basin of Lake Chad. Most of these people from poor rural households survive on subsistence farming. Therefore, climate change has an acute impact on agriculture, livestock and fisheries. All this requires reflection in the relevant institutional management structures, in our opinion.

The essence of the project "LAGAN (With love of the World)"

It would seem impossible to offer today, something new in such a thoroughly developed area as the transfer of water to ensure the intensification of agricultural activities. Channels and all kinds of waterways from the main water artery to the arid region are a classic and consistently successful approach at the first stages of implementation, which gives an invariably positive effect in the medium term.

This is afterwards the selection of water in large volumes negatively affects the watercut of the entire basin of a particular waterway. Not only is the species diversity of the animal world reduced, but the sustainability of ecological systems is significantly reduced. From the methodological point of view, it should be so, since in accordance with the law of labor preservation (according to this law, the sum of living and materialized labor in the production of goods and services of certain quality characteristics remains unchanged if the technological basis remains unchanged), which, in the opinion of its author, Academician of the Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine Valery Alexandrovich Vasilyev, operates not only in economics and history, but also in all processes of human interaction with the natural environment (VA Vasiliev, 1999-2006). The role of these stable relationships and their total level is of particular importance in the modern understanding of the processes of distribution and development. Therefore, proceeding from this general methodological approach, all our actions aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of our economic activities on the natural environment are not only justified from the point of view of the habitat conservation environment for future generations of mankind (fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals, UN, 2000), but also in ultimately, are economically justifiable from a purely economic point of view. The possibilities of a qualitatively new approach to solving traditional problems give people the achievements of chemical science (not in vain in Germany before the First World War was the slogan "the development of chemistry instead of colonies"), thanks to which the cost of waterways is significantly reduced, and their durability and performance characteristics are close to the viaducts of ancient Rome (partially working today). The latter allows you not to lose precious water resources during their long-distance transportation (for example, the Niger River project "Lagan"). Yes, and carry out their transfer is possible for thousands of kilometers, which is already becoming profitable in the implementation of global projects.

The essence of our project is not the creation of canals, but of conduits.

Therefore, the desire to preserve "working water" without changes (without reducing the fullness of the flow), affecting the ecological system of the basin of the water artery (river) throughout its entire length, i.e. as it has been for the last several centuries or even millennia, has conditioned the observance of our basic principle - water intake only at the mouth of the water artery. We proposed this in the first northern variant of the Anargul project, and in the second southern versions of the ANARGUL project, and were offered today in the SUMMARY of the ANARGUL project for the UAE, and also offer in the project "LAGAN (With Love for Peace)" for African countries: Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria. It seems to be simple, even very simple, but before that, without cheap plastic pipes and technological, relatively inexpensive pumping systems, it could only be observed in theory (such proposals were at the level of baseless fantasies). However, how effective is it (!). We in the implementation of the most grandiose projects do not intrude and do not distort the natural environment in the basin of the waterway (!). It is impossible to find an ecologist who does not emphasize this, as an exceptional plus of this approach. The "labor of nature" is preserved in full throughout the entire waterway, and water, having done traditional work, is channeled by water conduits to "work" in natural (lake) and artificial (open reservoirs) storage systems for efficient economic use.

tical variant of the route of the Danara water conduit of the project "LAGAN (With Love for Peace)" across the Hypotheterritory of Nigeria

The route of the DANARA water channel (Wise Water) has tried to build on the most populated territory of Nigeria, trying to traditionally save both on the pipes themselves and on their installation. We consider it justified to build a water pipeline along the roads, which should significantly reduce construction costs,

The length of the water canal is noticeably 1529, 58 km or about 950 miles. Of course, this route will actually have to lay pipes 100-150 km more, but in that case the length will be less than 2000 km. Of course, when a decision is basically made regarding the implementation of the project, the route can be fundamentally revised, taking into account the need to bring water to less watered areas. But this all requires special study on the spot directly in the country.